In the post-punk, post-1977 landscape, a wave of DIY musicians including Cabaret Voltaire, Crash Course in Science, and Tuxedomoon took inspiration from Kraftwerk, Philip K Dick and JG Ballard and re-imagined the sound of punk rock against a backdrop of inner city decay across Europe and the US. As the earliest adopters, these fringe artists paved the way for all manner of electronic music, from techno and hip hop to dubstep and grime and beyond.
